What Causes The Greenhouse Effect Environmental Sciences Essay

What Causes The Greenhouse Effect Environmental Sciences Essay Global warming is an ecological problem that is currently believed to be affecting the Earths environment. Global warming is the gradual increase of the Earths atmospheric temperature. It is caused by the Greenhouse Effect, which is the investment of heat in Earths atmosphere by particular gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). This containment of the gases holds the heat in the Earths atmosphere because it allows the light from the sun to pass through, but it absorbs the heat exuded back from the Earths surface. Cellular respiration contributes to the problem of global warming, because through its processes it takes in oxygen gas and then exhales carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis helps to prevent this problem, though, because it does the opposite of cellular respiration; it takes in carbon dioxide and then yields oxygen gas (O2). Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing certain food molecules, like glucose, to produce carbon dioxide and water. There are three main processes within cellular respiration: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Each process plays a significant role in harvesting energy from the food molecules and producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is a high energy molecule that is used for energy consuming activities throughout cells. Cellular respiration takes place in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, as well. Glycolysis is the catabolism of carbohydrates by specific enzymes with the discharge of energy and manufacture of pyruvic (or lactic) acid. It occurs in the cytosol of a cell, unlike the other two processes of cellular respiration. Glycolysis can occur in the absence of oxygen, which is called fermentation, but since this procedure doesnt yield a high amount of energy it isnt as practical as the aerobic process. Glycolysis phosphorylates the glucose by adding two phosphates to the molecule at the expense of two ATP molecules; the glucose is then split into two 3-carbon compounds, and the 3-carbon molecules go through a series of different steps to produce pyruvate. Acetyl-CoA is fashioned from the pyruvate, which then enters the second process of cellular respiration, the Krebs cycle. Unlike glycolysis, the Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria of a cell. The Krebs cycle is a series of processes that entirely oxidizes the Acetyl-CoA molecule. The cycle must be completed two times to yield four carbon dioxide molecules, six NADH molecules, two ATP molecules, and two FADH2 molecules. The Krebs cycle requires oxygen to be present to occur, making it aerobic. The procedure following the Krebs cycle is the electron transport chain, which consists of a series of special enzyme proteins that shuttle electrons from NADH to a terminal electron acceptor, such as oxygen (McGraw-Hill, 2006). Through a series of redox reactio ns, a gradient is formed, and, moreover, ATP is produced. All of these processes demonstrate the inner workings of cellular respiration, and show how it uses oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. The exhalation of carbon dioxide during cellular respiration is mixed into the air, adding to the already present amount within the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a main ingredient for greenhouse gas, which helps to not allow heat to escape from the Earths atmosphere. As long as living organisms undergo respiration (the metabolism of sugars to produce energy for basic metabolic needs), or as organisms die and decompose, carbon compounds are going to be broken down and are going to add CO2  to the atmosphere (Barbalace, 2006). Photosynthesis has quite the opposite effect. By dictionary definition, photosynthesis is the  synthesis  of  organic  compounds  from  carbon dioxide and water (with the release of oxygen) using light energy absorbed by chlorophyll. The overall reaction that occurs during photosynthesis is that six water molecules are added to six carbon dioxide molecules to yield glucose and six oxygen molecules. Photosynthesis usually occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Carbon dioxide enters the leaves of plants through stomata, which are minuscule  orifices in  the  epidermis  of  leaves, and oxygen gas exits out of the same passageway. There are two main parts of photosynthesis, the light dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. The former requires light to operate, while the latter are light independent, or dark, reactions. In the light dependent reactions, the energy received from light is changed into energy that is carried by electrons; the electrons are then pi cked up by  electron transport systems,  that use the energy to produce ATP and another molecule called NADPH. Those two products are used in the next process of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle. In this cycle, carbon dioxide is integrated into a five carbon molecule that is called ribulose biphosphate (RuBP), and then in a series of chemical reactions, hydrogens and electrons from the NADPH are progressively added to form an uncomplicated, energy rich, phosphorylated carbohydrate called GP3, or PGAL (Decelles, 2002). These products are then used to make glucose, among other carbohydrates. This displays how photosynthesis rearranges the atoms of carbon dioxide molecules and water molecules to create new carbohydrates, which plants then use to supply their cells with energy. Photosynthesis converts the raw materials of CO2 and H2O into oxygen gas, which benefits the atmosphere and helps to slow down global warming. It recycles the carbon dioxide cellular respiration emits into a molecule that is no longer a greenhouse gas constituent. Global warming itself is an extremely controversial topic. A few believe that it does not pose a real problem, although quite a lot of believe that it does. Global warming is the assertion that the environment of Earth is slowly heating up, and as a result, the organisms inhabiting it will eventually be dramatically affected. The Greenhouse Effect is what occurs when heat is trapped, and increases when more heat energy is supplemented. When talking about global warming, the greenhouse effect is set in the parameter of Earths atmosphere. The greenhouse effect occurs planet wide when solar radiation either bounces off of or is radiated forth from the Earth, and instead of passing through the atmosphere and outward into space, is absorbed by all kinds of extra amounts of and extraneous gases and particles (The Greenhouse Effect, 2010). Cellular respiration contributes to the extraneous gases, while photosynthesis helps to prevent the growing amounts, although other sources of carbon dio xide are decreasing the photosynthetic reactions affect. At one point, the pollution of carbon dioxide from cellular respiration and the conversion of carbon dioxide into oxygen gas were seemingly equal. A sort of equilibrium was reached between the two processes, with photosynthesis appearing to cancel out the outwardly harmful effects of cellular respiration. As of recently, though, manmade pollution has been affecting our atmosphere, adding more carbon dioxide into the ozone along with that emitted from cellular respiration. The primary cause of global warming is carbon dioxide emissions; carbon dioxide is being pumped into our atmosphere at an alarmingly face pace; eight billion tons of carbon dioxide entered the air just last year.   (Causes of Global Warming, 2010). It does not help that trees are being chopped down for logging, development, and other purposes, so there is less carbon dioxide being removed from the atmosphere, causing its levels to rise. There is more carbon dioxide being released into the air than is being convert ed into oxygen through photosynthetic reactions. This unequal release of gasses into the Earths atmosphere is what poses the environmental problem of global warming. The Earth was built to sustain the effects of cellular respiration, but fossil fuels excessively being burned, trees being cut down, and cellular respiration emit too much carbon dioxide for the Earth to recycle.

Personal goal and professional goal Essay

Submit a statement that discusses your career goals, as well as the factors that led you to select the Mid-Career MPA program as a means of furthering your personal and professional goals. Be as specific as possible in describing how your expected course of study will enable you to build on your prior professional experience and achieve these goals (750 word limit). Economic development and welfare of the people are the natural fit with my personality traits from my childhood which allowed me to choose the highest level of Federal Civil Service Examination of India and got selected in this merit based competitive examination. Candidates with different To get the blend of all the fields I was the class monitor up to class 5th; class president from 6th to 11th class to conduct the weekly debates, secretary of the scientific society in college, in Students’ Union at Indian School of Mines, club secretary in Ordnance Factory, and secretary, Residence Welfare Association. I was in National Cadet Corps and Junior Red Cross Society. After completing the schooling and graduation with merit scholarships I joined Indian School of Mines, the premier Institute for Earth science for Masters in applied Geology through national competition. Selected in National Education Test of UGC and with a scholarship from Council for Scientific and Industrial Research I completed M. Phil. Initially, 12 years I have worked in middle level management in various Defence production units mainly in the field of Administration, Industrial Relations, Human Resources, Estate and store. I got one year exposure in policy issues in Higher Technical Education. As the head of Coal Mines provident Fund Organization (CMPFO) for two years, I sought to improve the public service to benefit 7.5 lakh coal workers in the field of provident funds and pensions bringing reforms in a mission mode. SAP ERP was implemented in the organization which was first in govt. department in India. A bench mark was created in engaging multiple Fund Managers leading to transparency and fair competition. I had the exposure of Board level management in Mineral Exploration Corporation limited, a pan India Company as Director. Four years under my leadership, as the country head of computerization at Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO), the organization transformed from manual environment to fully computerized system. All receipts and payments of PF and pension became online making the life of 50 million poor workers easy removing all paper returns. The interactions are now through web and SMS reducing the footfalls of workers and employers in EPFO offices. 6 years, while working with the Federal Ministers for Water Resources, Rural Development and as the Director in coal ministry of Government of India, I have actively participated in development of macro level policies, its formulation and implementation. To name a few are; the National Water Policy, Land Use Policy for Inclusive Economic Development, Drinking Water and Sanitation, Corporate Social responsibility in coal sector, re-engagement of ex-service personnel in coal transportation, Poverty Eradication through National Rural Employment Guaranty Act to meet the Millennium Development Goal, programme were massive initiatives of the Government. I have played important role in the planning and monitoring of execution of such policy options. Additionally, I have been deeply engaged in my advisory role to the ministers to address the political and other socio-economic development issues of the different political provinces of India. Now I am working in top level management of Ordnance Equipment Factory, a Defence production Unit of India. The Mason program is intended to provide the analytical and leadership skills to implement major social and economic change. It has the sessions on experience sharing, strategic management, communication, and policy decision making. The curriculum also includes the applied economics, quantitative analysis, political institutions and globalisation. My extensive experience in multiple roles in different government departments of India will provide a good fit to contribute during the MPA programme as a Mason Fellow. My in-depth knowledge in important streams of public work will further allow me to perform effectively during my academic work at Harvard. I have credible track record of having developed and fostered enhanced level of partnership and cooperation between the stakeholders engaged in the faster socio-economic growth of India. I have demonstrated leadership skills by initiating several joint institution development activities with government, which all will be honed through a formal exposure to a MPA programme at Harvard. I have dreamt and aspired lately to be a Mason Fellow and would accomplish my personal goals of doing public good with improved knowledge and competence. I seek to join a mid career management course in public administration to sharpen my ideas in consonance with the emerging National and International Economic Scenario. I strongly feel MPA under Mason Programme, would provide me this opportunity to upgrade my capacity and equip me with latest management techniques. As I grow in my career, I would be required to take more responsibility and be associated in major policy making issues in govt. in the country.

The relative importance of the following marketing factors

The relative importance of the following marketing factors in driving product choice: brand, quality, distribution and pricing is commonly defined by a number of varied customer behaviors towards a particular product. Some of these behavioral traits may encompass taste, style, fashion as well as personal trend(s). Good and Service For instance, there are those consumers who would opt to posses a cello phone with such as brand name as Sprint. By examining the basic features of the Sprint, it would be paramount to assert that, they innately captures the consumers imagination and more building a personal touch and class.Thus, it can be argued that, when the consumers purchases this particular brand, he or she is profoundly compelled by the desire to build a personal relationship which is more established by the nature of his preference (Kotler, 1999). Despite the price variations with other brands in the market, also, the brands quality, market eminence as well as its status singularly, the consumer will definitely pay particular attention to the attributes of the given product chosen and it is here that a strong bond between the consumer and the products develops.This infers that, the chosen product will be in a position to provide unmatched services to the user, hence, reinforcing the overall customer-product relationship. Also other influential elements may include; store, buying option, product, package, method of procuring among other market factors. Good Only Basically, when opting to a purchase a particular product or good, there are a number of unforeseen forces that determines which good is to be purchased.Though there are a number of attributes which may compel an individual to consider a particular item, it would be essential to assert that, any purchase is greatly influenced by the desire to build a health relationship with the chosen brand whether be it for immediate use or not. Take for instance; Colt is a brand name that is synonymous with top milit ary experts more so, it is highly linked to professional marksmen. This is due to its qualities which include it loading and recoiling power, weight as well as the length and duration it can be used without jamming.Examining such attributes, it is fundamental to assert that, the market drives the given client to seek a gun that is reliable, also due to the nature of its market status, such aspects as durability, price, brand trust as well as its value makes it a brand of choice among the gun loving clients. Therefore, it can be started that, there are a number of factors which drives a product choice, in case of good, such attributes as product stability, brand, price as well as its quality and this instrumentally have been cited as some of the major factors that are involved in shaping a client-product relationship (Fournier, 2003).As a result, the more a product or a good is steady the more the relationship is sturdy. hence, another profound aspect may be attributed to personal at titudes and outlook change are subjective to consumer(s) individuality and lifestyle towards the given good as well as the source of the given product, hence, an individual may be compelled to be associated with a Colt due to the brand which is market wise renown rather than purchase the new market entrants. Therefore, it would be essential to agree that, customers develop relationships with brands and the implications of this for brand management.Service Only Examining the service only markets, it is essential to assert that, consumers are more than often attracted by the very first impression of the service provided. This infers that, a bond was formed. Consider for instance, a movie fan may get hooked to Paramount pictures productions due to the nature and of the quality of their movies, more so, this can also be due to the quality of their production in terms of theme, plot, storyline as well as how they employ such instruments as sound and visual effects to tell a story in thei r movies.Therefore, despite market influences which may include the scope of pricing as well as the trust developed towards a particular brand, it would be instrumental to argue that there are other factors which may compel a client to go for Paramount pictures instead of other film productions brands such as Warner or Columbia pictures. Some of these factors may entail individual preference making the client-product to go beyond emotionally level (Birger, 2003). ConclusionsA number of diverse elements are singularly influencing the manner the marketing issues of brand relationships and brand communities are being developed. It would be paramount to assert that, where a consumer develops a relationship with a brand, it is likely that, the quality, package, brand or other key aspects may have contributed to such a development. Consider the fact that, such marketing aspects as psychographic and normative characteristics have a profound impact on the manner a customer relates to a prod uct resulting to its purchase or rejection.Marketers have found that, these features have an impact on purchase intentions and these variables include: quality consciousness, deal proneness; value consciousness, attitudes of reference groups and price consciousness (Freeman, 2008). It can be argued that, consumers’ behavioral approach towards an immediate product interest as well as its purchase is in one way influenced by the manner marketers employ strategic promotional aspects in order to build client-product relationship.And this can be attributed to two essential behavior theories pertinent to aspects of marketing: namely utility theory and the theory of reasoned action (Callingham, 2004). References Birger, W (2003). Marketing Strategy . Massachusetts: MIT. Callingham, M. (2004). Market intelligence. NY: OUP. Fournier, S. (2003). Brand relationship . Florida: UMI. Freeman, J. (2008). Products and Branding. TUI. Kotler, P, (1999). Management. NY: OUP.

The Death Of A Loved One - 1482 Words

Loss is a process that everyone must experience in their life. The death of a loved one is an incredibly difficult loss to overcome. The death of a loved one could happen anytime in a person’s life and never becomes easy to cope with. Although everyone must confront this reality, not all cope with their grief in the same manner. One person’s grieving process could differ to another’s with differing variables, such as: length of process, details of loss, manifestations, and severity of grief. People’s grieving processes may slightly differ from one another, but as long as an individual is able to work through it, then they will eventually be able to eventually conquer their grief. The majority of individuals have the ability to overcome the grief from the loss of a loved one, but there is a minority that have complications. It is important to understand how individuals were able to work through their grief and why others were not able to reconcile th e loss of their loved one. Losing a loved one is extremely painful, and pain that one incurs after the loss of a loved one will never disappear, as the individual must learn to live with the pain. This literature review of grief will encompass the assessment of bereavement, grief processes, therapies designed toward bereavement, and the differences in diverse populations. The summarization of this information should lead to a broad understanding of grief after the loss of a loved. The paper will also overview theShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of A Loved One1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe death of a loved one is not something that is easy to live through. For Cheryl Strayed that was no different, but Strayed used it as her driving force at a chance to pursue her dreams as well as an opportunity make her grieving heard. 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